For many usages, the switching is all that’s needed.. you can make square wave relatively easily by just switching polarity… same way as with rectifiers you have half and full bridge ones. timing can be done with MOSFET or thyristors (or other semiconductors)
If you need sinus wave, you need to add more components components. Usually done with something called RLC (resistor, coil, capacitor)
If you want fancy read: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/09/full-bridge-inverter.html
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