Started reading Guns, Germ, and Steel, and debated about this with my friend. I do understand that Africa’s North/South orientation adds a lot of climate diversity, which makes it difficult for people to collaborate. To what extent did this actually affect Africa’s economic development? Like for example, are there other countries that may have pulled off thriving under this orientation, or is this a red herring to distract away from the serious impact of European colonization? I do understand this is not a simple question, but let’s try!
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South America is a good comparison. The geology of Highlands Vs lowland and rain Vs drought is illustrative of the limits geography imposes on culture. More water doesn’t mean more culture but more traversable trade routes DOES
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