Everyone started going for space shortly after WW2. It was the next logical area that needed to be explored for a number of reasons. Russia got a really good headstart on this, America was lagging behind and was struggling to keep up.
So a new goal, which made all current efforts pointless, was tasked by the USA. We are going to put a man on the moon. It was the ultimate display of wealth, manafacturing might and technical supierioirty and if forced Russia, who would want to beat them, to start from ground zero to over come the difficulties of a moon landing.
TL:DR landing on the moon is very hard, so everyone has to start from scratch to do it. This enabled countries to show off how good they are.
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