It works, we believe, by causing the formation of sticky bunches of proteins called “plaques”. These proteins clog up the spaces around our brain cells, blocking their signals and slowly choking them off and killing them.
We’re not 100% what causes it, there’s evidence it’s both genetic and caused by external exposures. You can’t fully avoid it, but there is plenty of evidence that all the “healthy stuff” (eating well, exercising, not drinking/smoking, etc.) gives you a decreased risk of getting it.
There is no cure but have a few treatments than slow it. But once it’s started it’s a fatal & progressive disease. Death might take a few years, or decade or more, but it won’t ever get better and you can’t get rid of it.
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