First, imagine the number line containing the set of real numbers. Let’s focus on zero for a moment.
Now imagine another number line containing the set of imaginary numbers. This line runs perpendicular to the real number line and intersects at 0.
Geometrically, these two lines form a number plane containing the set of complex numbers. Multiplying a number by i rotates a number 90 degrees counterclockwise on this plane.
Now, I’m not clever enough to put this knowledge to good use in a way where only algebra would be needed when normally higher math is required, but I’ve heard of examples involving preserving direction.
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