Officially the line starts in the Mediterranean Sea, runs through the Turkish Straits, into the Black Sea, across the Caucasus Mountains, into the Caspian Sea, across the Ural Mountains, and then into the Kara Sea.
In reality, of course, there is no line; it’s a smooth continuum. Iraq, say, is more closely related (geographically, historically, culturally, genetically, etc.) to Europe than Iran is, but less closely related to Europe than Syria is.
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