are there strong geographic reasons accounting for the distribution of wealth between countries or is it random
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The current distribution of wealth is due to a large number of factors, one of the largest being historical (e.g. colonised/coloniser, communist/capitalist etc) as well as cultural factors, random factors, political factors, geographical factors and so on.
Pure geographical factors generally include natural resources (Norway owes a lot of its wealth to its huge natural resources, for example), as well as benifical positions for trade (e.g. Singapore) and defensible land (e.g. UK and the US).
Geography influences culture and history and so on, but arguments that state that they are purely determined by geography are very contentious, to say the least. Geography certainly has a significant impact, but cannot be treated as the sole cause.
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