Yes, soaps are inherently antibacterial. They can disrupt the cell membranes of bacteria, which kills them. I’m not sure of the statistics there on % killed as a function of time, but you do need some contact time to see a big reduction.
Some soaps add one or more ingredients specifically to target killing bacteria. I think the presumption is that they’ll kill of a higher percent at shorter contact time, although I believe the evidence for that is shaky at best.
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