Answer: Basically, the things that you say to your lawyer (when they are actually working as legal counsel; i.e. when they are giving you legal advice in a professional capacity) are “privileged”. That means neither you nor your lawyer can be compelled to share any of the details of those conversations, and nothing you say to your lawyer can be used against you in court.
The reason for this privilege is so that you can get the best legal defense possible. If it were possible for the things you say to your lawyer to be used as evidence against you, it would make mounting a proper legal defense nearly impossible. You would have to be as careful talking to your own counsel as you should be when talking to the police. And your lawyer would likewise have to be incredibly careful about what they ask you, which defeats the entire purpose.
There are exceptions to this privilege, though. You aren’t protected by it if you involve your lawyer in a criminal conspiracy, for example, for obvious reasons.
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