The basic idea is that any conversation between you and your lawyer is expected to remain private and confidential regardless of the content. So you can tell your lawyer anything and they have to keep it private.
This by extension means that your lawyer can’t be made to testify against you in court (under most circumstances). So a prosecutor can’t just call your defense lawyer to the stand to spill all the beans regarding the case. Otherwise that would negatively effect their ability to defend you in court.
The main exception to the Attorney Client Privilege being when you and your lawyer are having a conversation regarding committing or covering up a crime. In other words, when the lawyer themselves are directly involved in the criminal activity.
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