As others have said its basically having a “trusted” party vouch for a site.
Invalid certificates can be for a variety of reasons, but 95% of them will be because the site didn’t provide a certificate that is credible with a “trusted” party.
Generally this is a big indicator of illegal activity as its easy to get one. The cases where certificates may be invalid but not for criminal activity relate to technical issues on the side of the website host that require someone to clean-up before the site is valid again.
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