When a gun is fired, it stamps a signature onto the bullet casing. That signature is used to help identify the gun.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstamping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstamping)
Incidentally, it’s part of why there is heightened concern about ‘ghost guns’ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privately_made_firearm).
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