Their nervous systems aren’t always so highly centralized so whether you can do catastrophic damage in one spot or not will vary.
In a segmented insect like a bee or ant they do have a spine-esque nerve bundle moving from the head to the thorax and presumably it could suffer the same damage.
A starfish has a decentralized ring-shaped nervous system and you can literally chop them in half with a cleaver to make two independent starfish halves that might grow back into new starfish.
This is the case for a lot of radially symmetric invertebrates like urchins and jellyfish, there is no “brain” located in a “head” controlling everything remotely, and so you can’t sever it.
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