I would say what you are describing is essentially number theory. This is a part of math which deals with sets and what that means. If you have ever heard of the real numbers or the complex number, those can be thought of as number sets, for example. But the great thing about sets, is that most things in this universe can be described using sets, including knowledge and stuff in our mind. It is a very interesting field of study that can provide a solid foundation for understanding our universe.
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