With a few exceptions, the car can only ever be as cold as the environment
The same is true the other way too, if you put food in an oven and the oven is set to 200, the food (or any object in the oven) can never be hotter than 200 no matter how long it is in there
There is a small note that it can take time for heat or cold to penetrate. So to use the food example the middle of the food can remain colder than the temperature of the oven for a short while until the heat in the air of the oven manages to have an effect on it, which takes time. Similarly, if you park your car outdoors, and it’s -20, it’s going to take a while for the centre of the car to actually reach -20 if it was warmer than that before because you were driving it (or it was previously parked indoors).
Also, with enough insulation you can increase that time to penetrate, but’s based on a curve with time and temperature difference. The speed depends on how well the material conducts or resists heat
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