I work for a water treatment company in the UK and we have ditched chlorine a few years back in favour of charcoal and ultraviolet light treatment as these are less harmful and cheaper to use and highly efficient. I can only speak for the region I work in as I’m sure some places still use chlorine. We start by removing any solid matter from the water course via filtration and once the solids are removed we then focus on killing off any harmful bacteria and pathogens with charcoal and then through ultraviolet treatment. This is then pumped to town reservoirs for people to use.
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