As everyone else wrote, chlorine.
But.
Chlorine’s concentration (and it’s effectiveness) reduces as it travels along the pipes.
So. If you imagine a city where the water treatment plant is in the center and there’s a series of pipes branching out to all the buildings; the chlorine concentration in the water needs to be sufficient enough to reach the farthest building. This means that the buildings closest to the treatment plant has the highest level of chlorine, while the farthest one has the lowest level of chlorine.
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