and how its related to iq.
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In the Sherlock Holmes stories you have two characters, Sherlock and Mycroft who are brothers.
Sherlock can see a single piece of evidence, such as a callous on a particular part of someone’s particular finger, and determine they must be a habitual pipe smoker because the heat of the bowl, when held, warms that particular part of that particular finger.
That is deductive reasoning. If you have enough background knowledge, you can say that event b is directly caused by event a.
Mycroft, on the other hand, worked backwards from that. If you told him that pipe tobacco sales increased, he could tell you a) all the social and financial aspects that must have led to such an increase as well as b) all the health ramifications of such an increase as were known at the time, down to the percentage increase of men with callouses on their fingers.
a) Is abstract reasoning. b) is deductive reasoning.
This is why Mycroft is sometimes referred to as “Sherlock Holmes’ smarter brother.”
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