In geometry these functions, tell you various relations between the length of the side of a triangle with the angles inside them. Basically you can calculate the angles of a triangle, when given the side lengths of a triangle and vice versa.
They are also useful in many other parts of mathematics and physics, which do not directly are related to triangles. They have some connections to circles, you can describe things like water waves or pendulum movements with them and many other things.
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