Sine and cosine measure the ratio of one side of a right triangle to it’s hypotenuse. Tangent is Sin/Cos. For example Sin(45)=1/sqrt(2) means that the length of the side opposite the 45degree angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse will be 1/sqrt(2). This means that if you know one of the non-90 degree angles of the right triangle and one length or two lengths, you can find the lengths of all three sides and all three angles.
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