Dimensions are basically this : how many coordinates do you need to pinpoint the location of an object in that system?
2 dimensions, think of the classic coordinate cross. 2 coordinates, x and y (left/right and up/down) gives you a location.
In 3 dimensions, you need an additional z for “depth”. On our Earth, you could pinpoint for example the times square on a map by three coordinates. “Z” is needed so you don’t start searching for it in the stratosphere or at the center of the earth.
Now, you could say that our space is 3 dimensions, but actually it’s 4. If you want to find the times Square, you need to also know the time frame in which it exists at x, y, and z. So, you need 4 coordinates to pinpoint its location. Hence, time is the 4th dimension.
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