Can you please eli5 how Nixon was able to speak to the astronauts on the moon from a landline in the oval office 60 years ago?
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Mission control had audio, video, and telemetry contact with the astronauts via a network of large radio dishes around the world that could send signals to antennas on the Apollo spacecraft and receive transmissions from the Apollo spacecraft. The telephone line was simply connected to this network and the phone signal was beamed to the moon as radio waves and then the astronaut’s transmission came back as radio waves came back the same way. Because of the speed of light and the distance from the Earth to the moon, it actually took about 1.2 seconds for the signal to make a one-way trip.
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