Pretty much the same way Houston was able to hear what the astronauts were saying. We can transmit and receive radio waves from a very long distance.
If you have the right gear and some huge satellite dish you can send signals to the Moon.
Therefore, if you can plug a phone to “something” that converts the signal into a signal that can be sent to the Moon with a satellite dish and you can do the same when receiving signals, you’re good to go. That’s basically what happened.
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