As ELI5 as I can manage:
A capacitor is a tiny battery. But it can only hold its energy for a very small amount of time due to its special construction.
They’re used in basically every electronic device out there.
Why?
Because we can use the fact that it releases its energy quickly to do lots of cool things! Like keep your fan running steadily, or make a huge camera flash.
Without getting into details, a capacitor is a tiny battery used for lots of cool stuff.
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