composite functions
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If you take the output from one function: say, f(x)=sin(x) and use it as the input to another function: say, g(x)= |x| you get a composite function. This would be written as g[f(x)]= |f(x)| but could be simplified to: g(x)=|sin(x)|
The first function makes a sine curve that alternates between positive and negative, with max and min at +1/-1.
The second function says “any negatives become positive”.
Together, you get a function that looks like a sine curve with all negative values reflected to positive along the x axis.
The example I gave is a bit silly, but sometimes composite functions are really handy.
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