A lot of it is how you record the data. If you are recording peoples ages and you write down
* 31
* 35
* 22
* 18
* 17
* 15
That is quantitative. You can take a mean and it has meaning.
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If you instead just counted how many people were from each decade of age
* 10-19:3
* 20-29:1
* 30-39:2
That is categorical. You counted how many people fell into each category. The way your recorded the ages as numbers (quantitative) or counts in bins (categorical) determines the type of data you have to work with
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