Let’s take Inside Out for example.
In every scene, you can watch each emotion having different reactions and build-ups to their next piece of dialogue. I’d imagine that would be a nightmare for animation teams that are designing each scene.
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Different teams/studios have different workflows, so there’s no universal. An oft-cited example is how Disney’s classic 2D animated features had an animator (team) assigned to each character, while Japanese anime usually has one animator assigned to each cut (cut = the full sequence between camera changes), who draws all the characters in that scene. Not sure on the specifics with 3D animation, but I’m sure workflows vary there as well.
As for how they keep character movements consistent, teams usually develop a “bible” of reference material during pre-production, featuring drawings of how characters would look in different expressions, their various signature poses, and probably some example test animation, too. The animators use this material to inform how they animate, and at the top an animation supervisor reviews the work and gives feedback/makes corrections to ensure it’s all consistent.
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