We have a host of chemicals we can does people with right after radiation exposure to help them, but a large number are kinda toxic. One of the less toxic ones, and one of the most commonly used is [Potassium Iodide](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_iodide#:~:text=Potassium%20iodide%20is%20a%20chemical,types%20of%20radiopharmaceuticals%20are%20used.) Which stops the uptake of highly toxic radioactive iodine isotopes in the thyroid, a major cause of death in many radiological accidents. Won’t help much against a bomb or fallout, admittedly.
Edit I should also be clear that these chemicals take you from guaranteed dead to hanging onto deaths door, radiation is immensely hard to treat just because of what it is
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