My understanding and I am sure I may be wrong but….
Fractional shares are more of an investment through a company that owns the whole stock. This would be like a stock costs $100 but you only have $50, I have the other $50 so we both own half a share. You are limited to what you can do with this share because I need to agree to sell so you can make your money liquid again. For the large firms like Charles Schwabb etc this may be less of a concern as there are likely always someone wanting to sell.
Stock Splits are exactly what it sounds like. It takes a $100 share and makes it into two separate $50 shares so you can buy and own it completely. Therefore not needing a larger firm to split the costs and you are more free to do with it what you want.
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