an IP address functions much the same way as a physical address. If someone wants to send a package to you, you need to tell them your address. If you want to visit a website, that website needs to send information to your computer about what to show on the screen. Essentially when you visit a website, you send the website a message saying “Hey, I would like to see this page, please send it to this address”. Without a public IP, there would be no where to send it. Thus every website you ever visit will know your IP.
Your private IP address is internal IP. its used for communicating between computers within the same network. This is how your able to do file transfers between two computers in the same house that aren’t connected without using the internet. Those computers can talk to each using that private IP.
And to asway some fears, your IP isn’t capable of geolocating your exact physical location. your IP carries information on your internet service provider, what state/province your in, and somewhat close to city. For example when i look up mine, it shows the next town over. It can’t really get any closer than that.
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