As someone else pointed out in part, a “duo” is a group of two. A “duet” is more commonly a piece of music performed by a duo. So you have solo, duo, trio, then the -*et*s. I could dig into the etymology further but referring you to wiktionary seems more expedient
Edit: doing a little further digging anyway…looks like there is a word “triplet” meaning a group of three (vs “one of a group of three”) which fell into disuse, probably 1) as its other meaning gained prominence and 2) because “trio” already existed redundantly
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