I’m assuming the sound (audio) and light (for video?) waves travel in different frequencies and in different speeds? And if that’s the case, how do they be in sync?
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They are encoded to travel together. Basically the raw components are packaged up and sent in a container that all goes together.
Both sound and video are turned into electrical signals after they’re recorded. They aren’t transmitted as sound and light.
Though sometimes there actually might be a mismatch between those two, but not because of the reasons you mentioned. This happens because productions use separate mics and cameras that each might have a slightly different latency (delay from when the thing happens to when it’s recorded and sent to the receiver, caused mostly by processing the data). In those cases, the director will slightly delay one or the other to make them sync up.
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