It’s called a monitor. For smaller bands, the monitor is usually a speaker on the stsge floor in front of each musician.
Monitor speakers and earpieces give the musician/singer whatever audio cues that they need to comfortably perform.
Things can get loud and muddy on stage. Instrumentalists tend to want their own instrument to be prominent. Likewise, it is easier for singers to control vocal tone if they can hear the result from an external source.
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