Mold is not a plant, but it works a little bit like a plant.
Imagine that the food is the soil, and mold is a plant growing in it. The fuzzy bits you see on the surface are just the “flowers” of the mold. The fuzz produces spores, which are like plant seeds; they let the mold spread to other nearby foods too. But the “roots” of the mold are deeper in the food.
If the food is very hard and dry (like a block of hard cheese), then the “roots” grow slowly, and you can cut the moldy area out. But if the food is soft (like a fruit or bread), then the “roots” have gone further than you can see.
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