The ground, and the rest of the planet, acts like a giant baked potato. When it’s hot (or at least, warmer than the air), for instance when the weather has recently turned cold, it retains its warmth for a while. A bridge is like a small slice of that potato – it cools much faster. So, while the air may be cold enough to freeze water, the bridge will cool to that temperature faster than the normal ground. This happens because it has much less material to retain heat, while it is exposed on all sides to the cold air.
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