Imagine you have two identical computers without clocks measuring external time and other external sensors, one is running at 3 GHz and another is running at 1 GHz frequency. And they run the same software. They have no choice but measure time as the number of instructions executed. For simplicity let’s say each instruction takes one clock cycle and define one “day” as 86 trillion instructions.
Obviously if these computers meet after being separated the first computer is going to be three times older in days than the second.
Think of going through time as riding along a wavy road. Near a massive object, like in interstellar, spacetime is stretched so you experience fewer waves compared to unstretched spacetime. You essentially run on lower frequency like a computer.
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