Ultrasound makes images by sending sound waves into tissue from the wand, and listening for the echoes that bounce back. Kind of like sonar. Each time sound goes from one medium to another (water to air to water, for instance) it loses power. The gel minimizes the loss of sound energy. This is like shouting at someone in another room through the wall (air-solid-air) vs hearing sounds entirely underwater.
https://radiologyblog.cincinnatichildrens.org/ultrasound-gel-a-necessary-mess/
Found by a Google search for “ultrasound gel”, btw. There were a lot of products so you might also try “ultrasound gel why”.
This page https://nationaltherapy.com/how-much-do-you-really-know-about-ultrasound-gel/#:~:text=What%20Is%20Ultrasound%20Gel%20Made,is%20quite%20sticky%20and%20thick. says propylene glycol and water. They do also make warmers for it.
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