It’s the internal mental struggle and resultant feeling a person gets when they realize two of their core or cherished beliefs are in opposition with each other. As beliefs often form the basis of identity, this can have profound problems.
For example, a gay person who is strongly devout in an extremely homophobic religion will have to come up with some way to reconcile who they are with what they believe. They will have to decide if there is something wrong with themself, or if there is a problem with their religious conviction. At a certain point, a person can only live a lie for so long before the internal stress breaks them.
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