Edit: Most of the answers here are wonderful and spot on.
For those who interpreted it differently due to my incorrect and brief phrasing, by ‘teaching’ I meant how does the computer get to know what it has to do when we want it to perform arithmetic operations (upon seeing the operators)?
And how does it do it? Like how does it ‘add’ stuff the same way humans do and give results which make sense to us mathematically? What exactly is going on inside?
Thanks for all the helpful explanations on programming, switches, circuits, logic gates, and the links!
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The others have explained it quite well already, if you’re really interested in a bit more background knowledge of how a computer works, try out [Turing Complete](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1444480/Turing_Complete/), a game where you virtually build a simple computer step by step and actually write little programs on it in the end
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