There are two parts – the chest measurement below the breasts and the cup size. So the 36 in a 36C bra is the measure in inches around the rib cage just below the breasts. This is the band size.
The cup size – C – in this example is typically measured by measuring the size around the chest at the fullest part of the breast – often where the nipple is. Subtracting the band size from this breast size results in a number that is used to estimate the cup size. So a measure of 39 inches around the fullest part of the breast minus the 36 inch band size leaves 3 inches. This is about a C cup.
In reality though, breasts and bras are not uniform and cup size may need to be adjusted for individual preference and to account for differences between brands/styles.
https://www.realsimple.com/beauty-fashion/clothing/shopping-guide/how-to-measure-bra-size
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