The only thing that will ultimately affect melting speed is the rate of heat transfer. The crucible will only be transferring heat to the contents if it itself is hot. If a crucible is larger, it could take longer to heat up, which would lead to larger melting times. Additionally, if heat is directly added via a torch from the top, a smaller crucible would possibly keep the contents in a smaller area, and take more of that heat.
In general though, if the crucible is already heated before adding anything, there shouldn’t be much of a difference. (barring a crucible that’s too big for the heater)
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