Each shareholder gets one vote per share of stock, in most implementations. So it’s not “equal rights” in the normal one-person-one-vote sense of the term.
The board puts out a slate of board members, often only 1/3 to 1/2 of the board is elected each year. Following certain procedures others can get their name on the ballot or conduct a write-in campaign. Each company has their own rules and schedules, under loose scrutiny of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the US. Outside the US, expect even more variation.
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