eli5 how a diesel train works
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It has at least one diesel engine.
The key feature that makes an engine a diesel engine is that when the fuel is in a piston, the piston essentially squeezes it hard enough that it explodes, rather than using another component such as a spark plug to combust the fuel.
Most trains right now are diesel-electric, where the mechanical output of the engine turns an electrical generator which powers motors attached to the propulsion system. There are also diesel-mechanical trains which use the mechanical output is connected directly to the propulsion system, but those are less common.
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