Eli5 how are extremely long half-life’s calculated?

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Apparently xenon-124 has a half life of 18 sextillion years for example. How can it be calculated when it’s greater the age of the universe?

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Anonymous 0 Comments

You don’t need to watch it decay by half to calculate the time it will take. You can calculate how long it will take a car to drive 3000 miles across the US even by measuring its speed over 100 feet. If you can calculate how long even a minute amount of xenon-124 in a given sample decays then you can extrapolate the rest.

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