In addition to some of what has been described here so far, one of the key features of modern locomotives is that the powerful diesel engines are often diesel-electric or diesel-hydraulic. That means the diesel engine isn’t turning a crankshaft that’s coupled to the wheels via shafts or gears. They use the diesel to generate electricity and have electric traction motors that turn the wheels, or use hydraulics (much like how an excavator or tank operates…combustion engine driving a hydraulic motor).
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