Logic gates such as NAND can create other logic gates, but how are the very basic ones made and mass produced?
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Here’s an easy one to visualize: an AND gate.
Imagine a machine with two inputs and one output. The outputs can either be charged, or not charged. One of the inputs is connected directly to the output, but with a small gap. The other is connected to a coil which, when charged, will press an uncharged wire onto the gap to close it and complete the circuit. Boom, the output will only be charged when both inputs are charged.
More advanced gates scale up from this premise. You can learn more deeply in an interactive way at http://nandgame.com – it’s fun!
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