eli5: How are some programming languages better at different tasks than others?

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For example I am taking Python right now which is known to be “beginner-friendly” but then in highschool I took Java where we did a lot of content relating to classes and object oriented coding. But what makes the languages specialize in these fields specifically?

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Anonymous 0 Comments

Imagine 4 vehicles. A Ferrari, a Ford F150 pickup truck, a Toyota Sienna minivan, and a large Simi truck.

All of these are vehicles and share many things in common. All have doors, wheels, & engines. All of them could be used for the same tasks, but each one is better at some tasks and worse at others.

Doing a soccer drop off of your 10 year old and his 2 best friends? Well you could do it in the Semi or the Ferrari, but it’s likely that everyone would be much happier in the Sienna or the F150. Picking up a load of lumber at the hardware store? The F150 is your best bet but the Semi would work as long as it has the right trailer and the seats in the Sienna fold down real nice. But doing that task in the Ferrari is just a hard no.

Want to take a lap around a race track? All the vehicles “can” drive around that track but you’d likely get the best time in the Ferrari.

This is the case with programing languages. They all do basically the same tasks, but they are built in such a way that each one does different things better or worse than others. There’s no single “best” language any more than there’s a single “best” vehicle. There’s just different choices that have different pros and cons.

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