Stereo audio uses two signals, one for each channel- left and right. With analog audio like records and tapes, it’d be recorded so the equipment could play both channels back simultaneously- with record grooves, one channel on each side of the groove, with tape, two tracks of audio on the tape, and so forth.
With digital media like MP3s and similar formats, the audio data is simply encoded as two chunks of information in the same file.
To produce the effect you’re talking about audio engineers would use various effects to adjust which signals would go to which channel. It could be as simple as turning a single knob to “pan” the audio from one channel to another, or as complicated as taking many audio tracks- vocals, guitar, keyboard, etc- and adjusting which ones go to which channel and at what level.
Latest Answers