The method/isotopes used vary depending on what exactly you’re trying to date, but the core concept is generally the same. Radioactive elements/isotopes decay at a certain rate into other elements. Based on how much of the initial radioactive isotope (parent) there is compared to how much of the new one (daughter) there is, you can get a pretty solid idea of how old something is. There are certain assumptions and corrections that need to be made depending on which method is used, where it’s found, etc but that’s the gist of it.
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