It all just has to do with how molecules bond or are attracted to each other.
Water can’t clean oil because soap and water repel each other.
Soap is attracted to both water and oil, so it can be used as a middle man to clean up oil, it pulls the oil away with the water.
Oil is helpful for tree sap because it’ll be attracted to the tree sap and get between the tree sap and your skin, allowing you to wipe away the resulting mixture off your skin with relative ease. Soap does not really get between the sap and your skin like oil does, so washing wish soap required a lot of physical scrubbing to break up the sap.
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